Saturday, 18 January 2020

“I’ll Be There for You”: The Impact of Social Connectedness in Prison


The Rembrandts succinctly captured the essence and importance of friendship to an individual’s wellbeing when they wrote the catchy tune, “I’ll Be There for You.” It makes sense that when the song claims, “So no one told you life was gonna be this way… I’ll be there for you” is accompanied by feelings of warmth and happiness. As humans, we are social creatures that were intrinsically designed to be in relationships.  

But what if you are in an environment that is conceived to promote loneliness and to punish with isolation: a place that thrives on separation.  Where the privileges of socialization are usurped and the right to friendships are earned. Unfortunately, the place I am describing is prison.   

Currently, federal and provincial prisons in Canada house approximately 38,786 adults daily with admissions of 391,692 adults annually (Malakieh, 2019). Out of these thousands of Canadians impacted by the justice system, many prisoners have past and present struggles with their mental illness.   

Just like for you or I, the mental health of prisoners is reliant on many factors with one being social connectedness. Social connectedness is the feeling of belonging that arises from forming close relationships and group memberships. Often we find social connectedness through work, school, religious memberships. Research has suggested increased social group memberships is correlated with wellbeing (Kyprianides & Easterbrook, 2019). So perhaps if you are feeling down maybe joining some fun social groups could improve your mental health.  

As simple as this advice sounds, it is difficult for individuals such as myself who are not imprisoned. Yet for individuals who are facing imprisonment, this is an extremely difficult because prisoners are already likely to have increased mental health problems. To add on to their existing difficulties, during incarceration prisoners are likely to experience high rates of social isolation.  

A recent study of prisoners residing in multiple locations across the UK, looked at how social interaction and group membership is linked to their well-being (Kyprianides & Easterbrook, 2019). The researchers analyzed previously collected data from a questionnaire filled out by the prisoner’s during their incarceration that measured their perception of their quality of life while incarcerated. Specifically, the questionnaire probed the individual’s sense of personal autonomy, well-being, and amount of positive social interactions they experienced. In line with what the researcher’s predicted, they found that positive interactions with peers is linked to increased well-being and autonomy. Additionally, researchers found that increased group memberships, and not just individual memberships, are linked to increased prisoner -wellbeing.  Their findings may predict the importance of social connectedness to people while incarcerated.  

However, as optimistic as their results may sound, they are just a steppingstone for future research.  This is because the claims made were just association and were not designed to assess causality. Prison research is often heavily restricted and difficult to conduct which makes it difficult to assess the true experiences of prisoners.
Nevertheless, I believe The Rembrandts were right when they said we all need someone “There for You” when “it hasn't been your day, your week, your month or even your year”.



I'll Be There For You. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q-9kPks0IfE

Kyprianides, A., & Easterbrook, M. J. (2019). Social Factors Boost Well‐Being Behind Bars: The Importance of Individual and Group Ties for Prisoner Well‐Being. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. doi: 10.1111/aphw.12171    

Malakieh, J. (2019, May 9). This Juristat article provides a statistical overview of adults and youth admitted to and released from custody and community supervision in Canada in 2017/2018. Analysis is presented at the national as well as the provincial and territorial levels. Average counts and the incarceration rates are presented. Admissions and the characteristics of adults and youth in the correctional system (such as age, sex and Aboriginal identity) are also discussed. Retrieved from https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/85-002-x/2019001/article/00010-eng.htm



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